Antenas para radioaficionados

Ham and Amateur Radio Antennas

If you are an amateur radio enthusiast who uses a ham radio, youll be able to communicate with fellow ham radio operators or even report emergencies. However, to operate such a radio effectively, you first need to understand its various features. One important component of a properly functioning ham radio is the radio antenna.

Amateur radio antennas come in several types, commonly referred to as bands. Each band is further divided into meters. Each meter allows the amateur radio to operate at different ranges and frequencies. Knowing what the bands and meters are and how they work will help you choose the right antenna for your radio.

• High-frequency radio antennas: These are high-frequency antennas that typically operate in ranges from 3 to 30 megahertz. High-frequency antennas are powerful and usually operate on one frequency.
• Very-high-frequency antennas: These are high-frequency devices that allow your radio to operate on more than one frequency at a time. The range of these antennas starts at 30 megahertz with a maximum potential for 300 megahertz.
• Ultra-high-frequency antennas: These antennas are useful if youre trying to contact a very distant radio station, a process known as DXing in the radio industry.

While you can divide radio antennas mainly according to the power and range of their bands, there are subcategories that further provide you with a different range of ham radio options.

• Loop antennas: These are a type of wire antenna using coils of wire fed into a balanced source. They can be large or small and are further divided based on whether they provide you with two-way communication or reception-only.
• Coaxial antennas: These have quarter-wavelength sections of cables that contain inner and outer connectors attached to the length of the cable. Some dipole antennas are constructed in the coaxial format.
• Quad antennas: These are a type of directional device that youll use if you want to obtain high-frequencies. These are known for achieving high bandwidth.
• Telescopic antennas: These antennas can be raised for increased gains or lowered into themselves for storage, portability, and protection.

Once youve decided on the type of antenna that your radio needs, its time to install it. Before you begin, its important to keep some helpful tips in mind.

• Make sure you position your wire antennas in an area where the band can see all around. Some objects can act as a screen, absorbing the strength of your signal.
• Even if your antenna doesnt seem obstructed, nearby objects, particularly metal or electrical ones, can de-tune wire antennas and cause them to operate away from its resonance.
• Dont forget to anchor the antenna suitably, especially if youre installing it outdoors.